Montane habitats harbor a disproportionate level of species diversity and endemism. An important focus of research in our lab in recent years is understanding the diversity of montane anurans in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest, particularly those in the genus Brachycephalus (Brachycephalidae). In addition to the discovery of over a dozen new species, we have investigated these remarkable frogs using tools of a variety of disciplines, including population genetics, osteology through microCT scanning, bioacoustics, and natural history.